l clarke



(No Model.) 4 s heets Sheet 1. C. L. CLARKE.

CIRCUIT AND APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE INDICATOR.

No. 284,382. Patented Sept. 4; 1883.

INVENTCR WITNESSES Clzarlas L; czar/ W2 13;; his Attorwys I, A ew (NoModel.) C. CLARKE. 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

CIRCUIT AND APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE INDICATOR.

No. 284,382. Patented Sept. 4, 1888.

INVENTOR y mwmew Charles L Claw/re.

WITNESSES %%3 6L. wfi Q n. PETERS. Pholo-Lnhngnpher. Washinglan. act

(No Model.) L CLARKE. 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

CIRCUIT AND APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE INDICATOR.

No. 284,382. Patented Sept. 4, 1883.

v INVENTORI v/wzes 1;. Clairke,

N PLTEHS. Phulc-Liklnagnpher, Wzuhmghzn. D. c,

(NG Model.) 0 L 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

CIRCUIT AND APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE INDICATOR.

No. 284,382. Patented Sept. 4, 1883.

mvEmon WITNESSES w Chmlesl. Clarke,

By his .dttorne UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES L. CLARKE, OF NETV YORK, N. Y. ASSIGNOR TO ROBERT HETVITT, JR,OF SAME PLACE.

CIRCUIT AND APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE INDICATORS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Pateht No. 284,382, datedSeptember 4, 1883. Application filed January 19, 18:3. (No model.)

T0 (6 whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES L. CLARKE, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of the city of New York, in the county and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Circuits andApparatus for Electric Temperature and Pressure Indicators, of which thefollowing is a specification.

The object of my inyention is to provide means for automaticallyindicating at any required station, through the instrumentality ofelectric currents, variations of temperature or of pressure at a distantstation.

The invention consists in combining with any suitable instrument adaptedto respond to variations of temperature or in pressure a circuitclosingdevice constructed to transmit to a recording or indicating apparatuselectric impulses of a character and frequency dependent upon thedirection, rapidity, and amplitude of the movement of the thermostaticele ment or the pressurc-indieating device.

The invention also consists in applying to the amparatus fortransmitting the impulses in their proper sequence a device whereby thecir cuit through which the impulses are transmitted to the recordinginstrument is normally interrupted, but allowing the connections of thesame to be momentarily completed whenever the movement of thetransmitting device requires that an impulse of any character should betransmitted for actuating the recording device accordingly. Theorganization of apparatus which I employ for this purpose will be moreparticularly described in connection with the accompanying drawings, inwhich- Figure 1 is a front elevation. of a transmitting device embodyingmy invention as applied to a thermostatic device, and Fig. 2 a sideelevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a theoretical diagram illustrating thearrangei'nent of circuits in connection with the recording or indicatingdevice. Figs. 4 and 6 illustrate certain modifications in theconstruction and arrangement of the apparatus and circuits, and Fig.illustrates certain details of construction.

teferring to the figures, A represents a suitable case for inclosing,and B a frame for supporting, the various parts of the thermostatic andthe impulse-transmitting devices. The thermostatic instrument whiehIprefer to employ consists of two curved bimetallic strips,

B and B, each of which is secured at the outer extremity to the frame B.The inner extremities of these strips extend in opposite directions uponopposite sides of the trunnion or arbor B ofa double-armed lever, B*. Ineach upon a dial, B", the movements of the ther- 7o mostatic strips. Theoperation of this portion of the instrument is as follows: Any change oftemperature will cause the thermostatic strips to assume a more or lesscurved position,

and their free ends will thereby be carried si* multaneonsl y inopposite directions, thus causing the lever B to be moved in onedirection or the other through the agency of the pins B and slots 13".This motion is communicated by the segment B and pinion B to the arborSo B and index B. This portion of the mechanism, however, is well known,and I do not herein make any claim thereto.

Upon the arbor B, and moving therewith, is

a circuit-closing arm, 0, carrying at its extremity two contact-points,c c. The arm 0 is preferably insulated from the arbor B by anintervening ring or sleeve of hard rubber or other suitablenon-conducting material. An annular lug, electrical connection with thepoints 0, encircles the arbor B", and against this lug impinges acontact-blush, D. The function of the arm 0 is to close an electriccircuit when moved through a predetermined distance by the action of thethermostatic strips. To accomplish this end two contact-arms, O and 0*,are mounted upon the insulating-sleeve E, surrounding a portion of thearbor B. The arm 0' is secured directly to the sleeveE by means of acollar or annular lug, e, and the arm 0 is in like manner mounted uponan insulating- Upon one arm of the lever B is formed 65 (1, formed uponthe arm G and in 90 sleeve, 6 surrounding the lug e of the arm G armsand annular lugs 6 upon their pivoted extremities with twocontact-brushes,. e and e*, respectively. These brushes are normallyplaced in electrical connection through two relay-magnets with one poleof a battery, the opposite pole of which is in electrical connectionwith the contact-points c c. The brush 0 is normally in electricalconnection, through a conductor, 2, a movable armature-lever, f, andpendent contact arm 9, (hereinafter to be described,) and conductors 3and 4, with one pole of a battery, 0. The contact-brush e is likewiseconnected, through a conductor, 5, armature-lever), and pendentcontact-arm g", which are counterparts of the lever f and arm 9, andconductors 6 and 4, with the same pole of the battery 0. The oppositepole of this battery is connected through a conductor, 1, with thecontact-brush D, andthus with the contact-points c. When, therefore, thearm 0 is moved into contact with either of the arms 0 or C the circuitof the battery 0 will be closed through the corresponding system ofconductors. The closing of this circuit serves both to transmit animpulse over one or the other of two main-line conductors, L or L,leading to a distant station, accordingly as the contact is made withone orthe other of the two arms 0 or G and immediately acts to move thearm 0 or O", as the case may be, out of contact with the arm 0, and theother arm an equal distance in the same direction. The first of theseends is attained by including in theconductors 3 and 6, respectively,two electro-magnets, H and H", the armature-levers h and h of which arerespectively connected by conductors 7 and 9 and 8 and 9 with the poleof the battery 0, which is connected with the contact-arm O. Thearmature-levers h and h are respectively provided with frontcontact-stops, h and h, from which they are normally held away by aretractile sprin S, uniting the two. The stops it and h* arerespectively electrically connected by the conductors 10 and 11 with themain lines L and L. These electro-magnets act thus as relays to transmitimpulses to the distant station whenever the circuit of the battery 0 isclosed 7 through one or the other of the arms 0 or O The secondobjectnamely, that ofiovifig the contact-arms C and C correlatively withthe circuit-closingarmOisaccomplishedthrough the agency of twoelectro-magnets, F and F respectively included in the conductors 10 and11, leading from the contact-stops h and h to the main lines L and L.The electro-magnets F and F are respectively provided with ar-. maturesF and B, mounted upon suitable levers, F and F carrying the extensions fand f before referred to. The armature-lever F carries at its extremitya'pawl, is, supported upon a flexiblespring, k, and preferably insulatedfrom the lever by an intervening block, of non-conducting material. Thispawl extends toward the periphery of a ratchet-wheel,

E, rigidly mounted upon but insulated from the sleeve E. The teeth ofthis wheel are inclined in such a manner as to allow the pawl toslidefreely over them when the armaturelever F isdrawn toward itselectro-magnet. When, however, the electro-magnet is demagnetiz'ed andthe lever is being drawn away from its poles by a retractile spring, 8,the pawl will engage one of the teeth of the ratchet-wheel and cause itto be turned in the direction indicated by the arrow 1/ through aportion of a revolution determined by the amplitude of the vibration ofthe armature-lever. This is determined by suitable adj usting-stopS, tand t applied to the extremity of the extension f. In practice I preferto adjust the movements in such a manner that the wheel E will berevolved through the distance occupied by one of its teeth by eachvibration of the armature-lever. It will be evident from the aboveexplanation that through the influence of successive impulsestransmitted through the conductor 10 upon the main line Ltheratchet-wheel E, and consequently the sleeve E, carrying thecontact-arms O and 0 may be revolved in the direction indicated by thearrow y. As already stated, such an impulse will be transmitted wheneverthe circuit-closing arm 0 is placed, by the action of the thermostat, inelectrical connection with the contact-arm O. The movement, however,will not be imparted to the ratchet-wheel and arm 0 until the cessationof the impulse so transmitted and the consequent retraction of thearmature-lever F For the purpose of interrupting the circuit at therelay contact-point It when the electric impulse shall have accomplishedits several obj ects-namely, that of vitalizing the electromagnet F andactuating its armature-lever so that the pawl It shall engage a toothupon the ratchet-wheel E, and also of actuating the recording orindicating device at the distant station1 provide the device hereinafterdescribed for interrupting the actuating-circuit of the relayelectro-magnet H immediately afi ter the vitalization of theelectro-magnet F. The extension f of the armature-lever F is providedwith an adjustable contact-point,

against the extremity of which rests, by virtue it beyond the limit ofthe vibration of the former, and thus interrupt the connection betweenthe points and 9". The circuit through the relay electro-niagnet willthus be broken, and the armature-lever h will be drawn away from itscontact-stop 71 thus interrupting the circuit through the conductor 10and electromagnet F. Before the circuit is again closed by the pointfalling against the point 9 the armatuielev er F will have beenwithdrawn from the poles of the magnet E and the arms 0 and 0* carriedasuificient distance in the direction indicated by the arrow 3 to placethe former out of contact with the arm 0, and the latter atapproximately the same distance from the arm 0 upon the opposite side.

For the purpose of operating the contactarms C and C in the reversedirection when the movement of the circuit-closing arm 0 is in theopposite direction and toward the right, I employa secondelectro-magnetl, included in the conductor ll,and provided with anarmature, F, and armature-lever F", carrying pawl is, supported upon aspring, is, which several elements are counterparts of the correspondingones already described in connection with the arm 0. Asecondratchet-wheel, E-, similar to the ratchet-wheel E, is also rigidlymounted upon the sleeve'E, but insulated therefrom, and constructed tobe revolved by the pawl 76 in the direction indicated by the arrow gj"in the same general manner as the wheel E. For this purpose the teeth ofthis wheel are inclined in an opposite direction from those of the wheelE. The armature-lever F also carries an extension, f, which is providedwith a contact-point, g, and pendent arm 9, carrying a contact-point, 9,all similar in operation and construction to the corresponding partsemployed in connection with the electro-magnet E. Their mode of operation does not therefore require further explanation. It will now beevident that when the circuit-closing arm 0 has been moved through apredetermined distancesay that corresponding to the fraction of arevolution arbitrarily chosen to indicate a degree of temperature uponthe dial Ban electric impulse will be transmitted from the battery 0upon one or the other of the two main-line conductors L and L,accordingly as the arm 0 isactuated toward the right or left. At thetransmitting-station the apparatus will immediately operate to interruptthe circuit and readjust the contact-arms to the new position of thecircuitclosiug arm by moving them simultaneously in the direction of themotion of the latter through an are represented by one degree. Thisoperation is repeated for each degree or division of the dial passedover by the circuitclosing arm.

For the purpose of preventing the contactarms from moving at other timesthan when actuated by one or the other of the electro magnets E and F as erratedwvheel, E, having the same number of teeth as each of theratchet-wheels E and E is rigidly mounted upon the sleeve E andinsulated therefrom. The teeth of this wheel are wedge-shaped, and

against its periphery is lightly pressed a dog, E, carried uponayielding support, WVhile the pressure of this dog is sufficient toprevent an accidental displacement of the wheel and its sleeve in eitherdirection, it will not afford any appreciable hinderance to the movementof the same under the action of either of the pawls k or if.

At the distant or indicating station I provide an indexhand, I, mountedupon an arbor, P, and constructed to be moved in either direction infront of a dial, 1, correlatively with the movements of the thermostaticin dex Ba result which is effected through the agency of thei'ollowingnamed instrumentalities: Two electro-magnets, M and M, are respectively included in the circuits of the main lines L and L. Aftertraversing the coils of these magnets the conductorsL and L areconnected with the earth at G by means of a conductor, 13. A conductor,12, also" unites the pole of the battery 0 not connected with the mainlines with the earth at G. The electromagnet M is provided with anarmature, m, and armature-lever m carrying a spring-pawl, a, similar inconstruction to the pawl 7a. This pawl is constructed to engage theteeth of a ratchet-wheel, N, while the lever on is receding from thepoles of the magnet M. The wheel N is rigidly mounted upon the arbor P.At the cessation of each impulse transmitted over the line L this arborwill be turned in the direction indicated by the arrow .2 through thedistance occupied by one of its teeth in the same general manner asdescribed with reference to the ratchet-wheel E. The electro-maguet M'-is likewise provided with an armature, m, and armature-lever m andspring-pawl. if. A second ratchet-wheel, N, is mounted upon the arbor Iand constructed to actuate the same in the direction indicated by thearrow z through the influence of successive impulses transmitted throughthe main line L and electromagnet M. Thus the index-hand will be movedin one direction or the other correlatively with the movements of thecircuit-closing arm 0, and will thus cause the temperature at thetransmit-ting-station to be indicated by its position upon the dial 1. Acheck-wheel, N, provided with a springpawl, Nfl similar in constructionto the device employed for the same purpose at the trans mittingstation,may be mounted upon the arbor P to prevent accidental displacement ofthe index-hand P.

In the organization of apparatus which I have described it is necessaryto employ two main-line conductors for conneeti n g the trans mittingwith the receiving apparatus.

In Fig. 4; I have shown a modification of the invention whereby theapparatus is adapted to be operated by a single main-line conductor. Inthis organization I make use of a polarized relay for transmitting toline a'current of one tma or the other, according to the direction ofmotion of the thermostatic device, and at the receiving-station a secondpolarized rethese batteries are respectively connected,

through conductors 17 and 18 with two contactbrushes, D and D Thesebrushes are respectively in contact with two insulated an- I nular lugs,d and (1 (see Fig. 5,) formed at' the pivoted extremity of thecircuit-closing arm 0, and these lugs are respectively electricallyconnected with two insulated contactpoints, 0 and 0*, carried at theextremity of that arm. The contact-arms O and C are in electricalconnection through the conductors 2 and 5, respectively, with theextensions f and f respectively, as in the former instance. The pendentarms 9 and 9, however, are electrically connected by conductors 19 and20 through the coils of apolarized relay, H and thus with them'ain lineL". The armature is normally held by two springs, s and 8", midwaybetween two contact-springs, hf and h, 0 respectively connected byconductors 21 and 22 with the poles of the batteries 0 and O which arein electrical connection with the contact-points c" and 0. Each of thesprings I h and h works against a contact-stop, as shown at h and h, outof contact with which they are normally maintained by their ownresiliency. The contact-points h and h are respectively connected by theconductors 10 and 11, through the coils of the electro-magnetsF and 4F", and by means of a conductor, 25, common to both, with the main lineL The construction of the polarized relay H is such that an impulse fromthe battery Otraversingits-lcoils to the lineL will cause the armature hto be impelled toward the left, carrying the spring h into contact withthe stop h. from the battery 0, however, will actuate the armature If inthe opposite direction, carrying the spring h into contact with the stoph".

5 Assuming the arm 0 to be moved toward the left and the contact-point0* to be placed in connection with the contact-point c, the circuit willbe closed from the battery 0 through the conductor 17, contact-brush D,contactpoint 0, contact-arm O, contact-brush 6, conductor 2, extensionf, pendent arm y, conductor 19, and polarized relay H ,'to theline L".The armature h will thereupon be actuated and the spring h be caused-toimpinge against the contact-stop h thereby closing the circuit from thenegative pole of the battery 0 through the conductors 21 and 10,eleciro-magnet F, and conductor 25, to the main line L". Thearmature-lever F will accordingly be actuated, and the circuit throughthe polarized relay H will be interrupted by the movement of the pendentarm 9 in the same A current manner as in the organization firstdescribed. The armature h will in consequence assume its normalposition, and the circuit through the electro-magnet F will also beinterrupted. The subsequent retraction of the armaturelever F willactuate the ratchet-wheel E and arms 0 and 0 as in the former instance.When the circuit is closed by the movement of the arm 0 in the oppositedirection-that is, toward the right handthe operation will be preciselysimilar, the circuit of the battery being closed from its positive polethrough the polarized relay H, and then through the electro-magnet F,causing the arms 0 and O to be moved in the corresponding direction.Thus it will be evident that negative or positive impulses will betransmitted upon the line L to the distant station, according to thedirection of motion of the arm 0.

At the receivingstation I employ the same system of apparatus foractuating the indicating device as described in the former instance;.but instead of connecting the main line L through the electro-magnets MM, a polarized relay, M, is included in the main line, i which isconnected with the earth at G by a conductor, 26. j Theelectro-magnets-M and M are respectively included in branch conductors27 and 28, leading from a conductor, 29, connected with the main line,to the contactstops m and m, respectively, of the armature m of thepolarized relay M. g The armature m is electrically connected by aconductor, 30, with the earth at G It is normally maintained by suitablesprings, s and 8 at a point midway between these contacts. A negativecurrent, however, from the line L, traversing the coils of the polarizedrelay M, will cause the armature to impinge against the contactstop m,and will thus close the branch circuit of the main line through theconductor 27 and electro-magnet M to the contactstop m, thence throughthe armature m and conductor 30 to the earth at G Upon the cessation ofthis impulse the index P will be actuated toward the right hand in amanner already sufli'ciently described. The effect of a positive currentfrom the line L will be precisely similar, with the exception that theelectro-magnet M will be vitalized and the index P will be actuated inthe reverse direction.

In Fig. 6, I have shown a modification in the arrangement of the pendentarms 9 and f and their attendant devices with reference to the main andlocal circuits, which consists in interposing the same in the main-linecircuit. The line L for this purpose is connected directly with the arm9', and the contact-brush e is connected through the conductor 2 withthe conductor 3, leading to the electro-mag net H, while the line 10 isconnected with extension f of the armature-lever F In like manner themain line L is connected with the 1 0 pendent arm 9", and the conductor5 with the conductor 6, leading to the electro-magnet H The conductor 11is connected with the extension f The operation will be essentially ICCthe same, with the exception that in this organization, the circuit ofthe main line being first interrupted, the discharges of the magnets Fand M will be manifested at the point but, being in opposite directions,will tend to neutralize each other, and the discharge of theelectromagnet H will be manifested at the point 0, whereas in thefirst-described organization the entire tendency of the dis charges willbe to manifest themselves at the points and 71", and no discharge willoccur through the more delicate point 0.

YA still further modification in the same direction as that lastindicated consists in applying the pendent arms to the armature-leversbf and mi of the receivinginstrument and interr'upting the main circuitin the manner last described.

I hereby disclaim, so far as this specification and these Letters Patentare concerned, all inventions which are shown, described, and claimed orto be claimed in an application relating to the same subject-matterfiled by me June 18, 1883, Serial No. 98,453, and which are notspecifically claimed herein.

I claim as my invention 1. The combination, substantially ashereinbefore set forth, of a normally-open main conductor, athermostatic device or pressuregage, and a circuit-closin g deviceautomatically operated thereby, at one terminal of said conductor, anindicating or recording device at the other terminal of said conductor,and means, substantially such as described, for closing said maincircuit, and for causing the current thus transmitted, first, to operatesaid indicating or recording device, and, second, to reopen said maincircuit.

2. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of anormally-open main circuit, an automatically-operated circuit-closingarm, a local circuit closed by the operation of said arm, anelectro-magnet included in said local circuit, acting, while vitalized,to close said normally-open main circuit, and a second electromagnetacting to temporarily interrupt said local circuit when said maincircuit is closed.

3. The combination, substantially as here inbefore set forth, of thenormal1y-open main electric circuit, an automatically-operatedcircuit-closing arm, a local circuit closed by the operation of saidarm, an electro-magnet included in said local circuit, acting, whilevitalized, to close said main circuit, an electromagnet included in themain circuit, an armature and armature-lever actuated by the lastnamedelcctro-1nagnet, and a pendent arm actuated through the movement of saidarmature-lever to temporarily interrupt said local circuit.

4. The con'ibi'nation, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of anautomatically-oper-- ated circuitclosing arm, a contact-arm extending inproximity to said circuit-closing arm, an electro-magnet, its armatureand armature-l ever, in cans, substantially such as described, forsuccessively closing and interrupting an electric circuit through thecoils of said electro-magnet through the instrumentality of saidcircuit-closing and contact arms, a pawl carried upon said armaturelever, and a ratchet-wheel engaged by said pawl for moving saidcontact-arm out of contact with said circuit-closing arm when thecircuit through said electro-magnet is interrupted.

The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of anelectroanagnet, its armature and armature-lever, a relayanagnet forclosing a circuit through said electromagnet, and apendent arm actuatedby the movement of said armature-lever, to interrupt the circuit throughsaid relay-magnet when said electro-magnet is vitalized.

6. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of acircuit-closing arm au tomatically revolved in either direction, twocontact-arms, one adjacent to each side of said circuit-closing arm,means, substantially such as described, for transmitting electricimpulses to a distant station correlatively with the movements of saidcircuit-closing arm, and means, substantially such as described, forrevolving both of said contact-arms in the di= rection of the motion ofsaid circuit-closing arm when said impulse has been transmitted.

7. The hereinbeforedescribed method of automatically closing andinterrupting an elee tric circuit, which consistsin automatically andsuccessively completing said electric circuit at a given point,temporarily interrupting said circuit at a second point, and therebycausing said circuit to be interrupted at the first-named point beforeit is again closed at the second point.

8. The combination, substantially as here inbefore set forth, of anelectro-magnet, its armature and armature-lever, a relayagagnet forclosing a circuit through said electro-magnet, an armature,armature-lever, and contactstop applied to said relay-magnet, a flexible spring intervening between the last-named armature-lever and thecontactstop, and a pendent arm actuated by the movement of thefirst-named armature to interrupt the circuit through said relay-magnetwhen said electromagnet is vitalized.

9. The combination, substantially as here inbefore set forth, of a shaftor arbor capable of rotation in either direction, two pawls or pallets,one for imparting a direct and the other a retrograde movement to saidshaft or arbor, two electromagnets included in separate circuits foractuating said pawls or pallets, respectively, and a device actuated bysaid shaft or arbor, whereby when the same is moved in either directionby the action of one or the other of said electro-magnets the electriccircuit of the actuating electro-magnet will be immediately broken.

1(). The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of ashaft or arbor capable of rotation in either direction, two pawls orpallets, one for imparting a direct and the other a retrograde movementto said shaft or arbor, two electro-magnets in separate circuits, foractuating said pawls or pallets, respectively, a device actuated by saidshaft or arbor, whereby when the same is moved in either direction bythe action of one or the other of said electro-magnets the electriccircuit of said actuated e1ectro-magnet will be immediately broken, anda circuit-closing arm norinally held in equilibrium between two forces,one or both of which may be variable, whereby WVitnesses:

DANIEL W. EDGECOMB,

CHARLES A. TERRY;

